Proliferation and cell death in an experimental model of brain tissue heterotopia in the lung / Proliferação e morte celular na heterotopia encefálica experimental

PURPOSE: To investigate the proliferation and neuronal death in brain tissue heterotopia in the lung in an experimental model during both fetal and neonatal periods. METHODS: Twenty four pregnant female Swiss mice were used to induce brain tissue heterotopia on the 15th gestational day. Briefly, the brain of one fetus of each dam was extracted, disaggregated and injected into the right hemithorax of siblings. Six of these fetuses with pulmonary brain tissue implantation (PBI) were collected on the 18th gestational day (group E18) and six other on the 8th postnatal day (group P8). Immunohistochemical staining for PCNA and Bcl2 were used to assess proliferation and cell death. RESULTS: PCNA Labelling Index (LI) in heterotopic brain tissue was greater in fetal than postnatal period (E18 > P8) (p<0.05) and the immunostaining with Bcl2 antibody did not show difference. CONCLUSION: Cell proliferation is maintained in brain tissue heterotopia, although apoptosis is also observed.

OBJETIVO: Investigar a proliferação e morte neuronal na heterotopia encefálica pulmonar em modelo experimental durante o período fetal e neonatal. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 24 camundongos Swiss fêmeas prenhes para induzir a heterotopia encefálica no pulmão. O tecido encefálico de um feto de cada fêmea prenha foi removido, picotado e injetado no pulmão dos irmãos. Seis fetos com Implantação Encefálica Pulmonar (IEP) foram coletados no 18º dia gestacional (grupo E18) e seis outros fetos no 8º dia pós-natal (grupo P8). Foi realizada a reação Imuno-histoquímica para PCNA e Bcl2 para analisar a proliferação e morte celular. RESULTADOS: O índice de marcação (IM) para PCNA era maior no período fetal quando comparado com o período pós-natal (E8 > P18) (p<0,05) e a imunomarcação para o anticorpo Bcl2 não apresentou diferença. CONCLUSÃO: A proliferação celular foi mantida no tecido heterotópico encefálico, embora a apoptose também foi observada.

Ex vivo non-viral vector-mediated neurotrophin-3 gene transfer to olfactory ensheathing glia: effects on axonal regeneration and functional recovery after implantation in rats with spinal cord injury / 神经科学通报·英文版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Combine olfactory ensheathing glia (OEG) implantation with ex vivo non-viral vector-based neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) gene therapy in attempting to enhance regeneration after thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Primary OEG were transfected with cationic liposome-mediated recombinant plasmid pcDNA3.1(+)-NT3 and subsequently implanted into adult Wistar rats directly after the thoracic spinal cord (T9) contusion by the New York University impactor. The animals in 3 different groups received 4x10(5) OEG transfected with pcDNA3.1(+)-NT3 or pcDNA3.1(+) plasmids, or the OEGs without any plasmid transfection, respectively; the fourth group was untreated group, in which no OEG was implanted.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>NT-3 production was seen increased both ex vivo and in vivo in pcDNA3.1(+)-NT3 transfected OEGs. Three months after implantation of NT-3-transfected OEGs, behavioral analysis revealed that the hindlimb function of SCI rats was improved. All spinal cords were filled with regenerated neurofilament-positive axons. Retrograde tracing revealed enhanced regenerative axonal sprouting.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Non-viral vector-mediated genetic engineering of OEG was safe and more effective in producing NT-3 and promoting axonal outgrowth followed by enhancing SCI recovery in rats.</p>

How to improve the survival of the fetal ventral mesencephalic cell transplanted in Parkinson's disease? / 神经科学通报·英文版

It has been extensively confirmed that fetal ventral mesencephalic cell (VMC) transplantation can ameliorate the symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). But there are still several problems to be resolved before the extensive clinical application of this technology. The major limitations are the poor survival of grafted dopamine (DA) neurons and restricted dopaminergic reinnervation of host striatum. Some attempts have been made to solve these problems including use of some trophic factor and co-transplantation with neural/paraneural origins. The purpose of this review is to overview advances of the means improving the survival of grafts and their current limitations.

Quiste meníngeo intraorbitario asociado a tejido cerebeloso heterotópico / Cystic meningeal intraorbitary association tissue cerebrose heterotopy

Presentamos el caso de una niña de 14 meses con colomboma coroideo bilateral y proptosis paraaxial progresiva del ojo izquierdo, en la que se halló un quiste meníngeo en la órbita izquierda con tejido cerebeloso ectópico. La lesión se resolvió hallar otros dos casos similares en la literatura, describiendo tejido cerebeloso ectópico en la órbita

Expression of PCNA and Bcl-2 in the traumatic brains implanted with embryonic brain tissue in rats / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of PCNA and Bcl-2 in the traumatic brain area transplanted with embryonic brain tissue in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The cerebral contusion of rats was induced by dropping weight. The homogenates of embryonic brain tissue were transplanted into the traumatic brain area two weeks after injury. All rats were sacrificed 6 weeks after injury (4 weeks after transplantation), and their brains were examined histologically. The expressions of PCNA and Bcl-2 in the brains were analyzed by immunohistochemical methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The histology of brain presented the capillary and glia proliferation, especially in the transplantation group. No significant difference was found in the expression of PCNA between two groups. However, Bcl-2 was overexpressed in the transplantation group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The transplantation of the embryonic brain tissue enhances the expression of Bcl-2, which may play a neuroprotective role following traumatic brain injury.</p>

Influences of olfactory ensheathing cells transplantation on axonal regeneration in spinal cord of adult rats / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe whether olfactory ensheathing cells could be used to promote axonal regeneration in a spontaneously nonregenerating system.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>After laminectomy at the lower thoracic level, the spinal cords of adult rats were exposed and completely transected at T10. A suspension of ensheathing cells was injected into the lesion site in 12 adult rats, and control D/F-12 (1:1 mixture of DMEM and Ham's F-12) was injected in 12 adult rats. Six weeks and ten weeks after cell transplantation, the rats were evaluated by climbing test and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) monitoring. The samples were procured and studied with histologicl and immunohistochemical methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At the 6th week after cell transplantation, all the rats in both the transplanted and control groups were paraplegic and the MEPs could not be recorded. At the 10th week after cell transplantation, of 7 rats in the control group, 2 rats had muscles' contraction of the lower extremities, 2 rats had hips and/or knees' active movement; and 5 rats' MEPs could be recorded in the hind limbs in the transplanted group (n=7). None of the rats in the control group had functional improvement and no MEPs recorded (n=7). Numerous regenerating axons were observed through the transplantation and continued to regenerate into the denervated host tract. Cell labelling using anti-Myelin Basic Protein (MBP) and anti-Nerve Growth Factor Receptor (anti-NGFR) indicated that the regenerated axons were derived from the appropriate neuronal source and that donor cells migrated into the denervated host tract. But axonal degeneration existed and regenerating axons were not observed within the spinal cords of the adult rats with only D/F-12 injection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The axonal regeneration in the transected adult rat spinal cord is possible after ensheathing cells transplantation.</p>

Primer homotrasplante fetal homotópico de estriado para el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Huntington / First homotypic fetal homotransplant of striate in the treatment of Huntington's disease

El uso de injertos cerebrales, útiles para restaurar la función en modelos animales de efermedad de Huntington (EH), se aplicó en una mujer de 37 años de edad con EH moderada a grave, de nueve años de evolución. Se trasplantaron los dos estriados de un feto humano de 13 semanas de edad gestacional en cuatro cavidades hechas en la pared ventricular del núcleo caudado derecho. Diez meses después de la cirugía, las evaluaciones neurológicas y neuropsicológica de la paciente revelaron la estabilización de su sintomatología y de la mayor parte de sus indicadores neuropsicológicos. Hubo mejoría moderada de los movimientos coréicos, principalmente los de la cara; de la capacidad para definir y expresar ideas en forma oral y escrita; de su agilidad articulatoria, así como en sus actividades cotidianas y en su comportamiento social. Ocurrió deterioro leve de la postura y la marcha; además se deterioraron su sistema sacádico y nistagmo optocinético, así como sus funciones visoespaciales y visoperceptuales

Protective effect of ectopic pituitary graft on nutritional stress-induced implantation failure in mice.

Implantation failure in newly inseminated mice induced by food deprivation was prevented by the presence of an ectopic pituitary graft. Since a pituitary graft in an ectopic site is known to secrete prolactin continuously, it is suggested that suppression of implantation failure in pituitary-grafted females is due to the luteotrophic support provided by the graft. The results provide supportive evidence for the view that depression of hypophysial prolactin is the primary endocrine cause of the nutritional stress-induced implantation failure in mice.